安装ubuntu的教程
安装ubuntu的教程
1、系统的安装
从cdrom安装:开始时记得选择F4选择1024*768模式,方便后面安装操作。
手动分区:选择一个逻辑盘。先分一个大于2G的ext3格式的分区;再分一个大约1G的linux-swap分区(第一次分的时候把分的次序反过来,接下来出现分区不成功,第二次就换了这个次序,就可以了,不知道什么原因)
其它的步骤也不需要注意什么了。就只有等着了。
2、系统的一些配置
1)设置分辨率:
修改/etc/X11/xorg.conf
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Benq 77g"
Option "DPMS"
HorizSync 30-85
VertRefresh 56-70
EndSection
(注意:这两个参数视个人计算机而定,如果设置太高,或许在系统未进入前就会显示“out of rang” ,这时,就需要进入recovery模式进行修改这两个参数,使其小一点)
2)备份/etc/apt/source.list ,然后进行修改。
开始只修改成cn的源,后来用sudo apt-get update 不成功。就换了上海交大的源,更新成功。
从以下各服务器列表内容中选择一段替换文件中的所有内容(请根据自己网络环境设置更新服务器,以达到最快的速度。) Archive.ubuntu.com 更新服务器(欧洲): deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
Ubuntu.cn99.com 更新服务器(江苏省常州市电信,推荐电信用户使用。):
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
Mirror.lupaworld.com 更新服务器(浙江省杭州市电信,亚洲地区官方更新服务器,推荐全国用户使用。):
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-cn dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
上海市交通大学 更新服务器(教育网,推荐校园网和网通用户使用。):
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
北京市清华大学 更新服务器(教育网,推荐校园网和网通用户使用。):
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror.net9.org/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
中国 台湾省台湾大学 更新服务器(推荐网通用户使用,电信PING平均响应速度41MS。)
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
Mirror.vmmatrix.net 更新服务器(上海市电信,推荐电信网通用户使用。):
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
ubuntu.cnsite.org 更新服务器 (福建省福州市 电信): deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
ubuntu.cnsite.org 更新服务器 (福建省福州市 电信): deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu-cn/ dapper main multiverse restricted universe
3)接着
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade(注意不要中间关闭升级,否则有些东西缷载后没有安装)
4)输入法和中文环境
system->system manager->language surport 中
选择中文后应用。安装完成后在下面把english改为chinese。重起后就是中文和有输入法了。
5)其它的软件安装
应用程序->删除/添加->高级
安装一些还没有安装的系统环境,像gcc,make,build-essential等等。
6)安装java环境
sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre
#如果空间富裕,建议安装一个JDK。
sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jdk
#如果空间富裕,建议安装一个JDK。
sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jdk
设置当前默认的java解释器
sudo update-alternatives --config java
-
执行后会出现类似如下的画面:
T here are 4 alternatives which provide `java'. Selection Alternative -----------------------------------------------
*+1 /usr/lib/jvm/java-gcj/jre/bin/java
2 /usr/bin/gij-wrapper-4.1
3 /usr/bin/gij-wrapper-4.0
4 /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/bin/java
Press enter to keep the default[*], or type selection number: 输入 有包含 "sun" 的行的前面的数字。
如上面显示,则输入 4,然后回车确定。
7)安装Luma QQ
-
1.下载并安装
-
安装QQ需要先安装上一步的JAVA环境wget -c http://download.ubuntu.org.cn/software/lumaqq_2005-linux_gtk2_x86_no_jre.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf lumaqq_2005-linux_gtk2_x86_no_jre.tar.gz -C /opt/
wget -c http://download.ubuntu.org.cn/software/lumaqq_2005_patch_2006.02.02.15.00.zip
sudo unzip -o lumaqq_2005_patch_2006.02.02.15.00.zip -d /opt/LumaQQ/lib
sudo chown -R root:root /opt/LumaQQ/
sudo chmod -R 755 /opt/LumaQQ/
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/LumaQQ.desktop2.在新增的文件内加入下面这几行[Desktop Entry]
Name=LumaQQ
Comment=QQ Client
Exec=/opt/LumaQQ/lumaqq
Icon=/opt/LumaQQ/QQ.png
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Network;3.保存编辑过的文件 安装完成后的快捷方式在(应用程序 -> Internat -> LumaQQ)。 -
8)安装多媒体播放驱动
sudo apt-get install beep-media-player totem-xine w32codecs libxine-extracodecs
9)安装ssh
sudo apt-get install beep-media-player totem-xine w32codecs libxine-extracodecs
9)安装ssh
免输密码的设置:
ssh-keygen -t rsa三次回车
则会在~/.ssh中产生id_rsa.pub 想要在联接另外某机a的用户b(b@a)不需要输入密码时,则把id_rsa.pub追 加到/home/b/.ssh/中的一个叫authorized_keys 的文件中即可。
10)安装 svn
sudo apt-get install subversion
(待续)
ssh-keygen -t rsa三次回车
则会在~/.ssh中产生id_rsa.pub 想要在联接另外某机a的用户b(b@a)不需要输入密码时,则把id_rsa.pub追 加到/home/b/.ssh/中的一个叫authorized_keys 的文件中即可。
10)安装 svn
sudo apt-get install subversion
(待续)