免费开源的DotNet任务调度组件Quartz.NET的详细分析

免费开源的DotNet任务调度组件Quartz.NET的详细分析

很多的软件项目中都会使用到定时任务、定时轮询数据库同步,定时邮件通知等功能。.NET Framework具有“内置”定时器功能,通过System.Timers.Timer类。在使用Timer类需要面对的问题:计时器没有持久化机制;计时器具有不灵活的计划(仅能设置开始时间和重复间隔,没有基于日期,时间等);计时器不使用线程池(每个定时器一个线程);计时器没有真正的管理方案 - 你必须编写自己的机制,以便能够记住,组织和检索任务的名称等。

如果需要在.NET实现定时器的功能,可以尝试使用以下这款开源免费的组件Quartz.Net组件。目前Quartz.NET版本为3.0,修改了原来的一些问题:修复由于线程本地存储而不能与AdoJobStore协同工作的调度器信令;线程局部状态完全删除;quartz.serializer.type是必需的,即使非序列化RAMJobStore正在使用;JSON序列化错误地称为序列化回调。

一.Quart.NET概述:

Quartz是一个作业调度系统,可以与任何其他软件系统集成或一起使用。作业调度程序是一个系统,负责在执行预处理程序时执行(或通知)其他软件组件 - 确定(调度)时间到达。Quartz是非常灵活的,并且包含多个使用范例,可以单独使用或一起使用,以实现您所需的行为,并使您能够以您的项目看起来最“自然”的方式编写代码。组件的使用非常轻便,并且需要非常少的设置/配置 - 如果您的需求相对基础,它实际上可以使用“开箱即用”。Quartz是容错的,并且可以在系统重新启动之间保留(记住)您的预定作业。尽管Quartz对于在给定的时间表上简单地运行某些系统进程非常有用,但当您学习如何使用Quartz来驱动应用程序的业务流程时,Quartz的全部潜能可以实现。

Quartz是作为一个小的动态链接库(.dll文件)分发的,它包含所有的核心Quartz功能。 此功能的主要接口(API)是调度程序接口。 它提供简单的操作,如调度/非调度作业,启动/停止/暂停调度程序。如果你想安排你自己的软件组件执行,他们必须实现简单的Job接口,它包含方法execute()。 如果希望在计划的触发时间到达时通知组件,则组件应实现TriggerListener或JobListener接口。主要的Quartz'进程'可以在您自己的应用程序或独立应用程序(使用远程接口)中启动和运行。

二.Quartz.NET主体类和方法解析:

1.StdSchedulerFactory类:创建QuartzScheduler实例。

 /// <summary>
  /// 返回此工厂生成的调度程序的句柄。
  /// </summary>
  /// <remarks>
  ///如果<see cref =“Initialize()”/>方法之一没有先前调用,然后是默认(no-arg)<see cref =“Initialize()”/>方法将被这个方法调用。
  /// </remarks>
  public virtual IScheduler GetScheduler()
  {
   if (cfg == null)
   {
    Initialize();
   }

   SchedulerRepository schedRep = SchedulerRepository.Instance;

   IScheduler sched = schedRep.Lookup(SchedulerName);

   if (sched != null)
   {
    if (sched.IsShutdown)
    {
     schedRep.Remove(SchedulerName);
    }
    else
    {
     return sched;
    }
   }

   sched = Instantiate();

   return sched;
  }
public interface ISchedulerFactory
 {
  /// <summary>
  /// Returns handles to all known Schedulers (made by any SchedulerFactory
  /// within this app domain.).
  /// </summary>
  ICollection<IScheduler> AllSchedulers { get; }

  /// <summary>
  /// Returns a client-usable handle to a <see cref="IScheduler" />.
  /// </summary>
  IScheduler GetScheduler();

  /// <summary>
  /// Returns a handle to the Scheduler with the given name, if it exists.
  /// </summary>
  IScheduler GetScheduler(string schedName);
 }

2.JobDetailImpl:传递给定作业实例的详细信息属性。

/// <summary>
  /// 获取或设置与<see cref =“IJob”/>相关联的<see cref =“JobDataMap”/>。
  /// </summary>
  public virtual JobDataMap JobDataMap
  {
   get
   {
    if (jobDataMap == null)
    {
     jobDataMap = new JobDataMap();
    }
    return jobDataMap;
   }

   set { jobDataMap = value; }
  }

3.JobKey:键由名称和组组成,名称必须是唯一的,在组内。 如果只指定一个组,则默认组将使用名称。

 [Serializable]
 public sealed class JobKey : Key<JobKey>
 {
  public JobKey(string name) : base(name, null)
  {
  }

  public JobKey(string name, string group) : base(name, group)
  {
  }

  public static JobKey Create(string name)
  {
   return new JobKey(name, null);
  }

  public static JobKey Create(string name, string group)
  {
   return new JobKey(name, group);
  }
 }

4.StdSchedulerFactory.Initialize():

/// <summary> 
  /// 使用初始化<see cref =“ISchedulerFactory”/>
   ///给定键值集合对象的内容。
  /// </summary>
  public virtual void Initialize(NameValueCollection props)
  {
   cfg = new PropertiesParser(props);
   ValidateConfiguration();
  }

  protected virtual void ValidateConfiguration()
  {
   if (!cfg.GetBooleanProperty(PropertyCheckConfiguration, true))
   {
    // should not validate
    return;
   }

   // determine currently supported configuration keys via reflection
   List<string> supportedKeys = new List<string>();
   List<FieldInfo> fields = new List<FieldInfo>(GetType().GetFields(BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.FlattenHierarchy));
   // choose constant string fields
   fields = fields.FindAll(field => field.FieldType == typeof (string));

   // read value from each field
   foreach (FieldInfo field in fields)
   {
    string value = (string) field.GetValue(null);
    if (value != null && value.StartsWith(ConfigurationKeyPrefix) && value != ConfigurationKeyPrefix)
    {
     supportedKeys.Add(value);
    }
   }

   // now check against allowed
   foreach (string configurationKey in cfg.UnderlyingProperties.AllKeys)
   {
    if (!configurationKey.StartsWith(ConfigurationKeyPrefix) || configurationKey.StartsWith(ConfigurationKeyPrefixServer))
    {
     // don't bother if truly unknown property
     continue;
    }

    bool isMatch = false;
    foreach (string supportedKey in supportedKeys)
    {
     if (configurationKey.StartsWith(supportedKey, StringComparison.InvariantCulture))
     {
      isMatch = true;
      break;
     }
    }
    if (!isMatch)
    {
     throw new SchedulerConfigException("Unknown configuration property '" + configurationKey + "'");
    }
   }

  }

三.Quartz.NET的基本应用:

下面提供一些较为通用的任务处理代码:

1.任务处理帮助类:

 /// <summary>
 /// 任务处理帮助类
 /// </summary>
 public class QuartzHelper
 {
  public QuartzHelper() { }

  public QuartzHelper(string quartzServer, string quartzPort)
  {
   Server = quartzServer;
   Port = quartzPort;
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 锁对象
  /// </summary>
  private static readonly object Obj = new object();

  /// <summary>
  /// 方案
  /// </summary>
  private const string Scheme = "tcp";

  /// <summary>
  /// 服务器的地址
  /// </summary>
  public static string Server { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 服务器的端口
  /// </summary>
  public static string Port { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 缓存任务所在程序集信息
  /// </summary>
  private static readonly Dictionary<string, Assembly> AssemblyDict = new Dictionary<string, Assembly>();

  /// <summary>
  /// 程序调度
  /// </summary>
  private static IScheduler _scheduler;

  /// <summary>
  /// 初始化任务调度对象
  /// </summary>
  public static void InitScheduler()
  {
   try
   {
    lock (Obj)
    {
     if (_scheduler != null) return;
     //配置文件的方式,配置quartz实例
     ISchedulerFactory schedulerFactory = new StdSchedulerFactory();
     _scheduler = schedulerFactory.GetScheduler();
    }
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
   }
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 启用任务调度
  /// 启动调度时会把任务表中状态为“执行中”的任务加入到任务调度队列中
  /// </summary>
  public static void StartScheduler()
  {
   try
   {
    if (_scheduler.IsStarted) return;
    //添加全局监听
    _scheduler.ListenerManager.AddTriggerListener(new CustomTriggerListener(), GroupMatcher<TriggerKey>.AnyGroup());
    _scheduler.Start();

    //获取所有执行中的任务
    List<TaskModel> listTask = TaskHelper.GetAllTaskList().ToList();

    if (listTask.Count > 0)
    {
     foreach (TaskModel taskUtil in listTask)
     {
      try
      {
       ScheduleJob(taskUtil);
      }
      catch (Exception e)
      {
       throw new Exception(taskUtil.TaskName,e);
      }
     }
    }    
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
   }
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 启用任务
  /// <param name="task">任务信息</param>
  /// <param name="isDeleteOldTask">是否删除原有任务</param>
  /// <returns>返回任务trigger</returns>
  /// </summary>
  public static void ScheduleJob(TaskModel task, bool isDeleteOldTask = false)
  {
   if (isDeleteOldTask)
   {
    //先删除现有已存在任务
    DeleteJob(task.TaskID.ToString());
   }
   //验证是否正确的Cron表达式
   if (ValidExpression(task.CronExpressionString))
   {
    IJobDetail job = new JobDetailImpl(task.TaskID.ToString(), GetClassInfo(task.AssemblyName, task.ClassName));
    //添加任务执行参数
    job.JobDataMap.Add("TaskParam", task.TaskParam);

    CronTriggerImpl trigger = new CronTriggerImpl
    {
     CronExpressionString = task.CronExpressionString,
     Name = task.TaskID.ToString(),
     Description = task.TaskName
    };
    _scheduler.ScheduleJob(job, trigger);
    if (task.Status == TaskStatus.STOP)
    {
     JobKey jk = new JobKey(task.TaskID.ToString());
     _scheduler.PauseJob(jk);
    }
    else
    {
     List<DateTime> list = GetNextFireTime(task.CronExpressionString, 5);
     foreach (var time in list)
     {
      LogHelper.WriteLog(time.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
     }
    }
   }
   else
   {
    throw new Exception(task.CronExpressionString + "不是正确的Cron表达式,无法启动该任务!");
   }
  }


  /// <summary>
  /// 初始化 远程Quartz服务器中的,各个Scheduler实例。
  /// 提供给远程管理端的后台,用户获取Scheduler实例的信息。
  /// </summary>
  public static void InitRemoteScheduler()
  {
   try
   {
    NameValueCollection properties = new NameValueCollection
    {
     ["quartz.scheduler.instanceName"] = "ExampleQuartzScheduler",
     ["quartz.scheduler.proxy"] = "true",
     ["quartz.scheduler.proxy.address"] =string.Format("{0}://{1}:{2}/QuartzScheduler", Scheme, Server, Port)
    };

    ISchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory(properties);

    _scheduler = sf.GetScheduler();
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
    throw new Exception(ex.StackTrace);
   }
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 删除现有任务
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="jobKey"></param>
  public static void DeleteJob(string jobKey)
  {
   try
   {
    JobKey jk = new JobKey(jobKey);
    if (_scheduler.CheckExists(jk))
    {
     //任务已经存在则删除
     _scheduler.DeleteJob(jk);
     
    }
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
   }
  }

  

  /// <summary>
  /// 暂停任务
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="jobKey"></param>
  public static void PauseJob(string jobKey)
  {
   try
   {
    JobKey jk = new JobKey(jobKey);
    if (_scheduler.CheckExists(jk))
    {
     //任务已经存在则暂停任务
     _scheduler.PauseJob(jk);
    }
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
   }
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 恢复运行暂停的任务
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="jobKey">任务key</param>
  public static void ResumeJob(string jobKey)
  {
   try
   {
    JobKey jk = new JobKey(jobKey);
    if (_scheduler.CheckExists(jk))
    {
     //任务已经存在则暂停任务
     _scheduler.ResumeJob(jk);
    }
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
   }
  }

  /// <summary> 
  /// 获取类的属性、方法 
  /// </summary> 
  /// <param name="assemblyName">程序集</param> 
  /// <param name="className">类名</param> 
  private static Type GetClassInfo(string assemblyName, string className)
  {
   try
   {
    assemblyName = FileHelper.GetAbsolutePath(assemblyName + ".dll");
    Assembly assembly = null;
    if (!AssemblyDict.TryGetValue(assemblyName, out assembly))
    {
     assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(assemblyName);
     AssemblyDict[assemblyName] = assembly;
    }
    Type type = assembly.GetType(className, true, true);
    return type;
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
   }
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 停止任务调度
  /// </summary>
  public static void StopSchedule()
  {
   try
   {
    //判断调度是否已经关闭
    if (!_scheduler.IsShutdown)
    {
     //等待任务运行完成
     _scheduler.Shutdown(true);
    }
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
   }
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 校验字符串是否为正确的Cron表达式
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="cronExpression">带校验表达式</param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public static bool ValidExpression(string cronExpression)
  {
   return CronExpression.IsValidExpression(cronExpression);
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 获取任务在未来周期内哪些时间会运行
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="CronExpressionString">Cron表达式</param>
  /// <param name="numTimes">运行次数</param>
  /// <returns>运行时间段</returns>
  public static List<DateTime> GetNextFireTime(string CronExpressionString, int numTimes)
  {
   if (numTimes < 0)
   {
    throw new Exception("参数numTimes值大于等于0");
   }
   //时间表达式
   ITrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create().WithCronSchedule(CronExpressionString).Build();
   IList<DateTimeOffset> dates = TriggerUtils.ComputeFireTimes(trigger as IOperableTrigger, null, numTimes);
   List<DateTime> list = new List<DateTime>();
   foreach (DateTimeOffset dtf in dates)
   {
    list.Add(TimeZoneInfo.ConvertTimeFromUtc(dtf.DateTime, TimeZoneInfo.Local));
   }
   return list;
  }


  public static object CurrentTaskList()
  {
   throw new NotImplementedException();
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 获取当前执行的Task 对象
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="context"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public static TaskModel GetTaskDetail(IJobExecutionContext context)
  {
   TaskModel task = new TaskModel();

   if (context != null)
   {

    task.TaskID = Guid.Parse(context.Trigger.Key.Name);
    task.TaskName = context.Trigger.Description;
    task.RecentRunTime = DateTime.Now;
    task.TaskParam = context.JobDetail.JobDataMap.Get("TaskParam") != null ? context.JobDetail.JobDataMap.Get("TaskParam").ToString() : "";
   }
   return task;
  }
 }

2.设置执行中的任务:

public class TaskBll
 {
  private readonly TaskDAL _dal = new TaskDAL();

  /// <summary>
  /// 获取任务列表
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="pageIndex"></param>
  /// <param name="pageSize"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public PageOf<TaskModel> GetTaskList(int pageIndex, int pageSize)
  {
   return _dal.GetTaskList(pageIndex, pageSize);
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 读取数据库中全部的任务
  /// </summary>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public List<TaskModel> GetAllTaskList()
  {
   return _dal.GetAllTaskList();
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="taskId"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public TaskModel GetById(string taskId)
  {
   throw new NotImplementedException();
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 删除任务
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="taskId"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public bool DeleteById(string taskId)
  {
   return _dal.UpdateTaskStatus(taskId, -1);
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 修改任务
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="taskId"></param>
  /// <param name="status"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public bool UpdateTaskStatus(string taskId, int status)
  {
   return _dal.UpdateTaskStatus(taskId, status);
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 修改任务的下次启动时间
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="taskId"></param>
  /// <param name="nextFireTime"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public bool UpdateNextFireTime(string taskId, DateTime nextFireTime)
  {
   return _dal.UpdateNextFireTime(taskId, nextFireTime);
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 根据任务Id 修改 上次运行时间
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="taskId"></param>
  /// <param name="recentRunTime"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public bool UpdateRecentRunTime(string taskId, DateTime recentRunTime)
  {
   return _dal.UpdateRecentRunTime(taskId, recentRunTime);
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 根据任务Id 获取任务
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="taskId"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public TaskModel GetTaskById(string taskId)
  {
   return _dal.GetTaskById(taskId);
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 添加任务
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="task"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public bool Add(TaskModel task)
  {
   return _dal.Add(task);
  }

  /// <summary>
  /// 修改任务
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="task"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  public bool Edit(TaskModel task)
  {
   return _dal.Edit(task);
  }
 }

3.任务实体:

/// <summary>
 /// 任务实体
 /// </summary>
 public class TaskModel
 {
  /// <summary>
  /// 任务ID
  /// </summary>
  public Guid TaskID { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 任务名称
  /// </summary>
  public string TaskName { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 任务执行参数
  /// </summary>
  public string TaskParam { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 运行频率设置
  /// </summary>
  public string CronExpressionString { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 任务运频率中文说明
  /// </summary>
  public string CronRemark { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 任务所在DLL对应的程序集名称
  /// </summary>
  public string AssemblyName { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 任务所在类
  /// </summary>
  public string ClassName { get; set; }

  public TaskStatus Status { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 任务创建时间
  /// </summary>
  public DateTime? CreatedTime { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 任务修改时间
  /// </summary>
  public DateTime? ModifyTime { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 任务最近运行时间
  /// </summary>
  public DateTime? RecentRunTime { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 任务下次运行时间
  /// </summary>
  public DateTime? NextFireTime { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 任务备注
  /// </summary>
  public string Remark { get; set; }

  /// <summary>
  /// 是否删除
  /// </summary>
  public int IsDelete { get; set; }
 }

4.配置文件:

 # You can configure your scheduler in either <quartz> configuration section
# or in quartz properties file
# Configuration section has precedence

quartz.scheduler.instanceName = ExampleQuartzScheduler

# configure thread pool info
quartz.threadPool.type = Quartz.Simpl.SimpleThreadPool, Quartz
quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 10
quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = Normal

# job initialization plugin handles our xml reading, without it defaults are used
# quartz.plugin.xml.type = Quartz.Plugin.Xml.XMLSchedulingDataProcessorPlugin, Quartz
# quartz.plugin.xml.fileNames = ~/quartz_jobs.xml

# export this server to remoting context
quartz.scheduler.exporter.type = Quartz.Simpl.RemotingSchedulerExporter, Quartz
quartz.scheduler.exporter.port = 555
quartz.scheduler.exporter.bindName = QuartzScheduler
quartz.scheduler.exporter.channelType = tcp
quartz.scheduler.exporter.channelName = httpQuartz

四.总结:

在项目中比较多的使用到定时任务的功能,今天的介绍的组件可以很好的完成一些定时任务的要求。这篇文章主要是作为引子,简单的介绍了组件的背景和组件的使用方式,如果项目中需要使用,可以进行更加深入的了解。