如何使用PHP的Yii框架中过滤器？

<?php 
  
 class UserController extends CController{ 
  ** 
   * 第一步：创建动作 
   */ 
   function actionAdd(){ 
    echo "actionAdd"; 
   } 
   /** 
   * 第二步：创建基于方法的过滤器 
    */ 
   public function filterAddFilter($filterChain) { 
    echo "基于方法的过滤器UserController.filterAdd<br>"; 
    $filterChain->run(); 
   } 
   /** 
   * 第三步：重写父类CController的filters()方法，定义过滤器与动作的关系 
   * @see CController::filters() 
   */ 
   public function filters(){ 
    return array( 
   //定义过滤器与动作的关联关系 
     'addFilter + add', 
//     array( 
//       'application.filters.TestFilter',      
//     ), 
      
   ); 
  } 
 } 

<?php 
class TestFilter extends CFilter{ 
 /** 
  * Performs the pre-action filtering. 
  * @param CFilterChain $filterChain the filter chain that the filter is on. 
  * @return boolean whether the filtering process should continue and the action 
  * should be executed. 
  */ 
 protected function preFilter($filterChain) 
 { 
  echo "--->TestFilter.preFilter.<br>"; 
  return true; 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Performs the post-action filtering. 
  * @param CFilterChain $filterChain the filter chain that the filter is on. 
  */ 
 protected function postFilter($filterChain) 
 { 
  echo "--->TestFilter.postFilter.<br>"; 
 } 
} 

/**
* 第三步：重写父类CController的filters()方法，定义过滤器与动作的关系 
* @see CController::filters() 
*/ 
ublic function filters(){ 
return array( 
 //定义过滤器与动作的关联关系 
  'addFilter + add', 
   array( 
     'application.filters.TestFilter',      
   ), 
   
); 

public function behaviors()
{
 return [
  [
   'class' => 'yii\filters\HttpCache',
   'only' => ['index', 'view'],
   'lastModified' => function ($action, $params) {
    $q = new \yii\db\Query();
    return $q->from('user')->max('updated_at');
   },
  ],
 ];
}

namespace app\components;

use Yii;
use yii\base\ActionFilter;

class ActionTimeFilter extends ActionFilter
{
 private $_startTime;

 public function beforeAction($action)
 {
  $this->_startTime = microtime(true);
  return parent::beforeAction($action);
 }

 public function afterAction($action, $result)
 {
  $time = microtime(true) - $this->_startTime;
  Yii::trace("Action '{$action->uniqueId}' spent $time second.");
  return parent::afterAction($action, $result);
 }
}

use yii\filters\AccessControl;

public function behaviors()
{
 return [
  'access' => [
   'class' => AccessControl::className(),
   'only' => ['create', 'update'],
   'rules' => [
    // 允许认证用户
    [
     'allow' => true,
     'roles' => ['@'],
    ],
    // 默认禁止其他用户
   ],
  ],
 ];
}

use yii\filters\auth\HttpBasicAuth;

public function behaviors()
{
 return [
  'basicAuth' => [
   'class' => HttpBasicAuth::className(),
  ],
 ];
}

use yii\filters\ContentNegotiator;
use yii\web\Response;

public function behaviors()
{
 return [
  [
   'class' => ContentNegotiator::className(),
   'formats' => [
    'application/json' => Response::FORMAT_JSON,
    'application/xml' => Response::FORMAT_XML,
   ],
   'languages' => [
    'en-US',
    'de',
   ],
  ],
 ];
}

use yii\filters\ContentNegotiator;
use yii\web\Response;

[
 'bootstrap' => [
  [
   'class' => ContentNegotiator::className(),
   'formats' => [
    'application/json' => Response::FORMAT_JSON,
    'application/xml' => Response::FORMAT_XML,
   ],
   'languages' => [
    'en-US',
    'de',
   ],
  ],
 ],
];

use yii\filters\HttpCache;

public function behaviors()
{
 return [
  [
   'class' => HttpCache::className(),
   'only' => ['index'],
   'lastModified' => function ($action, $params) {
    $q = new \yii\db\Query();
    return $q->from('user')->max('updated_at');
   },
  ],
 ];
}

use yii\filters\PageCache;
use yii\caching\DbDependency;

public function behaviors()
{
 return [
  'pageCache' => [
   'class' => PageCache::className(),
   'only' => ['index'],
   'duration' => 60,
   'dependency' => [
    'class' => DbDependency::className(),
    'sql' => 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM post',
   ],
   'variations' => [
    \Yii::$app->language,
   ]
  ],
 ];
}

use yii\filters\VerbFilter;

public function behaviors()
{
 return [
  'verbs' => [
   'class' => VerbFilter::className(),
   'actions' => [
    'index' => ['get'],
    'view' => ['get'],
    'create' => ['get', 'post'],
    'update' => ['get', 'put', 'post'],
    'delete' => ['post', 'delete'],
   ],
  ],
 ];
}

use yii\filters\Cors;
use yii\helpers\ArrayHelper;

public function behaviors()
{
 return ArrayHelper::merge([
  [
   'class' => Cors::className(),
  ],
 ], parent::behaviors());
}

use yii\filters\Cors;
use yii\helpers\ArrayHelper;

public function behaviors()
{
 return ArrayHelper::merge([
  [
   'class' => Cors::className(),
   'cors' => [
    'Origin' => ['http://www.myserver.net'],
    'Access-Control-Request-Method' => ['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS'],
   ],
  ],
 ], parent::behaviors());
}

use yii\filters\Cors;
use yii\helpers\ArrayHelper;

public function behaviors()
{
 return ArrayHelper::merge([
  [
   'class' => Cors::className(),
   'cors' => [
    'Origin' => ['http://www.myserver.net'],
    'Access-Control-Request-Method' => ['GET', 'HEAD', 'OPTIONS'],
   ],
   'actions' => [
    'login' => [
     'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' => true,
    ]
   ]
  ],
 ], parent::behaviors());
}