Python2入门知识及怎么样识别验证码?

Python2入门知识及怎么样识别验证码?

前言

验证码?我也能破解?

关于验证码的介绍就不多说了,各种各样的验证码在人们生活中时不时就会冒出来,身为学生日常接触最多的就是教务处系统的验证码了,比如如下的验证码:

Python2入门知识及怎么样识别验证码?

识别办法

模拟登陆有着复杂的步骤,在这里咱们不管其他操作,只负责根据输入的一张验证码图片返回一个答案字符串。

我们知道验证码为了制作干扰,会把图片弄成五颜六色的样子,而我们首先就是要去除这些干扰,这一步就需要不断试验了,增强图片色彩,加大对比度等等都可以产生帮助。

Python2入门知识及怎么样识别验证码?

Python2入门知识及怎么样识别验证码?

在经过各种对图片的操作之后,终于找到了比较完美的去除干扰方案。可以看到在去除干扰之后,最优情况下,我们将得到一张十分纯净的黑白字符图片。一张图片上有四个字符,没办法一下子就把四个字符全部识别,需要把图片进行裁剪,裁剪成每张小图只有一个字符的样子,再对每张图片分别进行识别。

Python2入门知识及怎么样识别验证码?

Python2入门知识及怎么样识别验证码?

Python2入门知识及怎么样识别验证码?

Python2入门知识及怎么样识别验证码?

接下来就是识别文字了,我们首先把得到的小图转换成01表示的矩阵,每个矩阵代表一个字符。

比如数字六的矩阵

num_6=[
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,
0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,
0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,
0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,
0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
]

远远望过去,眯着眼睛还是能分辨出来的。

因为验证码十分规整,每个数字所在的位置都是固定的,所以并不需要涉及什么机器学习的算法,只是简单的进行一下矩阵的比对就可以了,在所有的实现做好的矩阵中找到相似度最高的矩阵就可以了,在这里的比对方法多种多样,反正数据简单能正确识别出来就好。

至此,咱们的验证码识别工作就结束了。

这次进行的验证码识别主要采用python的PIL进行图片操作,模拟登陆自动填写验证码的全部代码请看这里:

示例代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding( "utf-8" )
import re
import requests
import io
import os
import json
from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageEnhance
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import mdata

class Student:
 def __init__(self, user,password):
 self.user = str(user)
 self.password = str(password)
 self.s = requests.Session()

 def login(self):
 url = "http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGON.APPPROCESS?mode=4"
 res = self.s.get(url).text
 imageUrl = 'http://202.118.31.197/'+re.findall('<img src="(.+?)" width="55"',res)[0]
 im = Image.open(io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content))
 enhancer = ImageEnhance.Contrast(im)
 im = enhancer.enhance(7)
 x,y = im.size
 for i in range(y):
  for j in range(x):
  if (im.getpixel((j,i))!=(0,0,0)):
   im.putpixel((j,i),(255,255,255))
 num = [6,19,32,45]
 verifyCode = ""
 for i in range(4):
  a = im.crop((num[i],0,num[i]+13,20))
  l=[]
  x,y = a.size
  for i in range(y):
  for j in range(x):
   if (a.getpixel((j,i))==(0,0,0)):
   l.append(1)
   else:
   l.append(0)
  his=0
  chrr="";
  for i in mdata.data:
  r=0;
  for j in range(260):
   if(l[j]==mdata.data[i][j]):
   r+=1
  if(r>his):
   his=r
   chrr=i
  verifyCode+=chrr
  # print "辅助输入验证码完毕:",verifyCode
 data= {
 'WebUserNO':str(self.user),
 'Password':str(self.password),
 'Agnomen':verifyCode,
 }
 url = "http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGON.APPPROCESS?mode=4"
 t = self.s.post(url,data=data).text
 if re.findall("images/Logout2",t)==[]:
  l = '[0,"'+re.findall('alert((.+?));',t)[1][1][2:-2]+'"]'+" "+self.user+" "+self.password+"\n"
  # print l
  # return '[0,"'+re.findall('alert((.+?));',t)[1][1][2:-2]+'"]'
  return [False,l]
 else:
  l = '登录成功 '+re.findall('!(.+?)',t)[0]+" "+self.user+" "+self.password+"\n"
  # print l
  return [True,l]

 def getInfo(self):
 imageUrl = 'http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONDSPUSERPHOTO.APPPROCESS'
 data = self.s.get('http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONQUERYBASESTUDENTINFO.APPPROCESS?mode=3').text #学籍信息
 data = BeautifulSoup(data,"lxml")
 q = data.find_all("table",attrs={'align':"left"})
 a = []
 for i in q[0]:
  if type(i)==type(q[0]) :
  for j in i :
   if type(j) ==type(i):
   a.append(j.text)
 for i in q[1]:
  if type(i)==type(q[1]) :
  for j in i :
   if type(j) ==type(i):
   a.append(j.text)
 data = {}
 for i in range(1,len(a),2):
  data[a[i-1]]=a[i]
 # data['照片'] = io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content)
 return json.dumps(data)

 def getPic(self):
 imageUrl = 'http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONDSPUSERPHOTO.APPPROCESS'
 pic = Image.open(io.BytesIO(self.s.get(imageUrl).content))
 return pic

 def getScore(self):
  score = self.s.get('http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONQUERYSTUDENTSCORE.APPPROCESS').text #成绩单
  score = BeautifulSoup(score, "lxml")
  q = score.find_all(attrs={'height':"36"})[0]
  point = q.text
  print point[point.find('平均学分绩点'):]
  table = score.html.body.table
  people = table.find_all(attrs={'height' : '36'})[0].string
  r = table.find_all('table',attrs={'align' : 'left'})[0].find_all('tr')
  subject = []
  lesson = []
  for i in r[0]:
  if type(r[0])==type(i):
   subject.append(i.string)
  for i in r:
  k=0
  temp = {}
  for j in i:
   if type(r[0])==type(j):
   temp[subject[k]] = j.string
   k+=1
  lesson.append(temp)
  lesson.pop()
  lesson.pop(0)
  return json.dumps(lesson)

 def logoff(self):
 return self.s.get('http://202.118.31.197/ACTIONLOGOUT.APPPROCESS').text

if __name__ == "__main__":
 a = Student(20150000,20150000)
 r = a.login()
 print r[1]
 if r[0]:
 r = json.loads(a.getScore())
 for i in r:
  for j in i:
  print i[j],
  print
 q = json.loads(a.getInfo())
 for i in q:
  print i,q[i]
 a.getPic().show()
 a.logoff()

总结

以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者使用python能带来一定的帮助,如果有疑问大家可以留言交流,谢谢大家对路饭的支持。