MySQL数据库的一次死锁实例有什么?

MySQL数据库的一次死锁实例有什么?

1、故事起因于2016年11月15日的一个生产bug。业务场景是:归档一个表里边的数据到历史表里边,同是删除主表记录。

2、背景场景简化如下(数据库引擎InnoDb,数据隔离级别RR[REPEATABLE])

-- 创建表test1 
CREATE TABLE test1 ( 
id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 
name varchar(10) NOT NULL, 
PRIMARY KEY (id) 
); 
insert into test1 values('hello'); 
 
-- 创建表test2 
CREATE TABLE test2 ( 
id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, 
name varchar(10) NOT NULL, 
PRIMARY KEY (id) 
); 
 
-- Transcation 1 
begin; 
insert into test2 select * from test1 where id = 1; 
delete from test1 where id = 1; 
 
-- Transcation 2 
begin; 
insert into test2 select * from test1 where id = 1;


3、具体执行顺序

 

Transcation1 Transcation2
begin;
— 这条sql得到test1表主键索引锁共享锁S(id=1) insert into test2 select * from test1 where id = 1;
 
  begin;
— 这条sql试图获取test1表主键索引锁共享锁S(id=1),但是已经被T1占有,所以它进入锁请求队列.
insert into test2 select * from test1 where id = 1;
— 这条sql试图把自己拥有的test1表主键索引锁共享锁S(id=1)升级为排它锁X(id=1)
— 这时T1也发起一个锁请求,这个时候mysql发现锁请求队列里边已存在一个事物T2对(id=1)的这条记录申请了S锁,死锁产生了。
delete from test1 where id = 1;
 
  死锁产生后mysql根据两个事务的权重,事务2的权重更小,被选为死锁的牺牲者,rollback。
T2 rollback 之后T1成功获取了锁执行成功

Mysql 官方解释

Deadlock occurs here because client A needs an X lock to delete the row. However, that lock request cannot be granted because client B already has a request for an X lock and is waiting for client A to release its S lock. Nor can the S lock held by A be upgraded to an X lock because of the prior request by B for an X lock. As a result, InnoDBgenerates an error for one of the clients and releases its locks. The client returns this error。

实际场景和mysql文档有些区别,文档里边要获取的是X锁。具体事例里边要获取的是S锁。

下面我们来具体的一步步分析下mysql的死锁

1、MySQL常用存储引擎的锁机制

MyISAM和MEMORY采用表级锁(table-level locking)

BDB采用页面锁(page-level locking)或表级锁,默认为页面锁

InnoDB支持行级锁(row-level locking)和表级锁,默认为行级锁

2、各种锁特点

表级锁:开销小,加锁快;不会出现死锁;锁定粒度大,发生锁冲突的概率最高,并发度最低

行级锁:开销大,加锁慢;会出现死锁;锁定粒度最小,发生锁冲突的概率最低,并发度也最高

页面锁:开销和加锁时间界于表锁和行锁之间;会出现死锁;锁定粒度界于表锁和行锁之间,并发度一般

3、各种锁的适用场景

表级锁更适合于以查询为主,只有少量按索引条件更新数据的应用,如Web应用

行级锁则更适合于有大量按索引条件并发更新数据,同时又有并发查询的应用,如一些在线事务处理系统

4、死锁

是指两个或两个以上的进程在执行过程中,因争夺资源而造成的一种互相等待的现象,若无外力作用,它们都将无法推进下去。

表级锁不会产生死锁。所以解决死锁主要还是针对于最常用的InnoDB。

5、死锁举例分析

在MySQL中,行级锁并不是直接锁记录,而是锁索引。索引分为主键索引和非主键索引两种,如果一条sql语句操作了主键索引,MySQL就会锁定这条主键索引;如果一条语句操作了非主键索引,MySQL会先锁定该非主键索引,再锁定相关的主键索引。

在UPDATE、DELETE操作时,MySQL不仅锁定WHERE条件扫描过的所有索引记录,而且会锁定相邻的键值,即所谓的next-key locking。

例如,一个表db。tab_test,结构如下:

id:主键;

state:状态;

time:时间;

索引:idx_1(state,time)

出现死锁日志如下:

?***(1) TRANSACTION:

?TRANSACTION 0 677833455, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11393, OS thread id 278546 starting index read

?mysql tables in use 1, locked 1

?LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 320

?MySQL thread id 83, query id 162348740 dcnet03 dcnet Searching rows for update

?update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute) (任务1的sql语句)

?***(1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: (任务1等待的索引记录)

?RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 849384 n bits 208 index `PRIMARY` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833455 _mode X locks rec but not gap waiting

?Record lock, heap no 92 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 11; compact format; info bits 0

?0: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; 1: len 6; hex 00002866eaee; asc (f ;; 2: len 7; hex 00000d40040110; asc @ ;; 3: len 8; hex 80000000000050b2; asc P ;; 4: len 8; hex 800000000000502a; asc P*;; 5: len 8; hex 8000000000005426; asc T&;; 6: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 7: len 23; hex 75706c6f6164666972652e636f6d2f6 8616e642e706870; asc xxx.com/;; 8: len 8; hex 800000000000042b; asc +;; 9: len 4; hex 474bfa2b; asc GK +;; 10: len 8; hex 8000000000004e24; asc N$;;

?*** (2) TRANSACTION:

?TRANSACTION 0 677833454, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11397, OS thread id 344086 updating or deleting, thread declared inside InnoDB 499

?mysql tables in use 1, locked 1

?3 lock struct(s), heap size 320, undo log entries 1

?MySQL thread id 84, query id 162348739 dcnet03 dcnet Updating update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180) (任务2的sql语句)

?*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S): (任务2已获得的锁)

?RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 849384 n bits 208 index `PRIMARY` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833454 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap

?Record lock, heap no 92 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 11; compact format; info bits 0

?0: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;; 1: len 6; hex 00002866eaee; asc (f ;; 2: len 7; hex 00000d40040110; asc @ ;; 3: len 8; hex 80000000000050b2; asc P ;; 4: len 8; hex 800000000000502a; asc P*;; 5: len 8; hex 8000000000005426; asc T&;; 6: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 7: len 23; hex 75706c6f6164666972652e636f6d2f6 8616e642e706870; asc uploadfire.com/hand.php;; 8: len 8; hex 800000000000042b; asc +;; 9: len 4; hex 474bfa2b; asc GK +;; 10: len 8; hex 8000000000004e24; asc N$;;

?*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED: (任务2等待的锁)

?RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 843102 n bits 600 index `idx_1` of table `db/tab_test` trx id 0 677833454 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting

?Record lock, heap no 395 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 3; compact format; info bits 0

?0: len 8; hex 8000000000000425; asc %;; 1: len 8; hex 800012412c66d29c; asc A,f ;; 2: len 8; hex 800000000097629c; asc b ;;

?*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (1)

?(回滚了任务1,以解除死锁)

原因分析:

当“update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute)”执行时,MySQL会使用idx_1索引,因此首先锁定相关的索引记录,因为idx_1是非主键索引,为执行该语句,MySQL还会锁定主键索引。

假设“update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180)”几乎同时执行时,本语句首先锁定主键索引,由于需要更新state的值,所以还需要锁定idx_1的某些索引记录。

这样第一条语句锁定了idx_1的记录,等待主键索引,而第二条语句则锁定了主键索引记录,而等待idx_1的记录,这样死锁就产生了。

6、解决办法

拆分第一条sql,先查出符合条件的主键值,再按照主键更新记录:

select id from tab_test where state=1061 and time < date_sub(now(), INTERVAL 30 minute);

update tab_test state=1064,time=now() where id in(......);

关于MySQL死锁问题的实例分析及解决方法就介绍到这里了,希望本次的介绍能够对您有所收获!

Mysql 官方文档:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-deadlock-example.html