林肯之解放黑奴宣言集锦介绍
林肯：解放黑奴宣言
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION:
By the President of the United States of America:
1862年9月22日，一个瘦弱而伟大的总统用颤抖的双手签署了这份宣言，他知道虽然该宣言会激起奴隶主们的反抗，可能会造成国家南北的分裂。但为了结束一个资本主义与奴隶制并存的畸形社会，他用颤抖的双手签了，虽然此后他的担心成真了，而且自己还被同情奴隶制的蒲斯刺杀了。但统一后的美利坚合众国在通往现代化的道路上一路狂飙，创造了无数现代文明，引领了整个20世纪。这个丑陋而羸弱的总统也成就了美国历史上最伟大的总统。
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION:
By the President of the United States of America:
A PROCLAMATION
Whereas on the 22nd day of September, A.D. 1862, a proclamation wasissued by the President of the United States, containing, among otherthings, the following, to wit:
"That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaveswithin any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shallthen be in rebellion against the United States shall be then,thenceforward, and forever free; and the executive government of theUnited States, including the military and naval authority thereof, willrecognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no actor acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts theymay make for their actual freedom.
"That the executive will on the 1st day of January aforesaid, byproclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, inwhich the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellionagainst the United States; and the fact that any State or the peoplethereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congressof the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein amajority of the qualified voters of such States shall have participatedshall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemedconclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not thenin rebellion against the United States."
Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, byvirtue of the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief of the Army andNavy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against theauthority and government of the United States, and as a fit andnecessary war measure for supressing said rebellion, do, on this 1stday of January, A.D. 1863, and in accordance with my purpose so to do,publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days from thefirst day above mentioned, order and designate as the States and partsof States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day inrebellion against the United States the following, to wit:
Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard,Palquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension,Assumption, Terrebone, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans,including the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida,Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except theforty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the countiesof Berkeley, Accomac, Morthhampton, Elizabeth City, York, PrincessAnne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), andwhich excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if thisproclamation were not issued.
And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do orderand declare that all persons held as slaves within said designatedStates and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; andthat the Executive Government of the United States, including themilitary and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain thefreedom of said persons.
And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstainfrom all violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and I recommend tothem that, in all case when allowed, they labor faithfully forreasonable wages.
And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitablecondition will be received into the armed service of the United Statesto garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to manvessels of all sorts in said service.
And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice,warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke theconsiderate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.
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On Jan. 1, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln declared free allslaves residing in territory in rebellion against the federalgovernment. This Emancipation Proclamation actually freed few people.It did not apply to slaves in border states fighting on the Union side;nor did it affect slaves in southern areas already under Union control.Naturally, the states in rebellion did not act on Lincoln‘s order. Butthe proclamation did show Americans--and the world--that the civil warwas now being fought to end slavery.
Lincoln had been reluctant to come to this position. A believer inwhite supremacy, he initially viewed the war only in terms ofpreserving the Union. As pressure for abolition mounted in Congress andthe country, however, Lincoln became more sympathetic to the idea. OnSept. 22, 1862, he issued a preliminary proclamation announcing thatemancipation would become effective on Jan. 1, 1863, in those statesstill in rebellion. Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not endslavery in America--this was achieved by the passage of the 13THAmendment to the Constitution on Dec. 18, 1865--it did make thataccomplishment a basic war goal and a virtual certainty.
DOUGLAS T. MILLER
Bibliography: Commager, Henry Steele, The Great Proclamation
(1960); Donovan, Frank, Mr. Lincoln‘s Proclamation (1964);
Franklin, John Hope, ed., The Emancipation Proclamation (1964).
1862年9月22日，合众国总统曾发出一道宣言，其内容如下：
“1863年元月1日起，凡在当地人民尚在反抗合众国的任何一州之内，或一州的指明地区之内，为人占有而做奴隶的人们都应在那时及以后永远获得自由；公众国政府行政部门，包括海陆军当局，将承认并保障这些人的自由，当他们或他们之中的任何人为自己的自由而作任何努力时，不作任何压制他们的行为。
政府的行政部门将于上述的元月1日，以公告宣布那些州或那些州的那些地区的人民当时尚在反抗合众国，如果有的话；在那一天任何一州或其人民以大多数合法选举人参加选举出来的代表参加合众国国会，同时没有强有力的反证时，这种事实就是该州及其人民没有反抗合众国的确实证据”。
所以现在我，合众国总统阿伯拉罕·林肯，以在反抗合众国政府当局的武装叛变时期被授权为合众国海陆军总司令的职权，作为一个适当的、必须的战略措施以便镇压上述叛变，特于1863年元月1日，从上面第一次所说之日起至今足足一百天的期间，根据这样的目的公开宣布现在反对合众国者有如下诸州及某些州的下列地区及其人民：
阿肯色、得克萨斯、路易西安那（除去圣伯尔拿、普拉奎明、哲斐孙、圣约翰、圣查理、圣詹姆士、亚森湘、亚森普欣、得里保恩、拉伐什、圣马利、圣马丁以及奥尔良等郡，包括新奥尔良城在内）、密西西比、阿拉巴马、弗罗里达、乔治亚、南卡罗来纳、北卡罗来纳和佛吉尼亚（除去西佛吉尼亚四十八个郡以及柏克立、阿康玛克、诺珊普顿、依利萨伯、约克、安公主、诺福克等郡包括诺福克和朴茨茅斯两城在内），这些除开的地区现在仍暂时维持本公告发出之前的原有状况。
为着上述的目的，我利用我的职权，正式命令并宣告在上述诸州以及某些州的上述地区以内所有作为奴录的人现在和今后永远获得自由；合众国政府，包括海陆军当局在内，将承认并保持上述人们的自由。
我现在命令这些被宣布自由的人们，除非是必须的自卫，不得有违法行为；我劝告他们，在任何可能的情况下，他们应当忠实地为合理的工资而劳动。
我进一步宣告在适当条件下，这些人们可参加合众国的军事工作，驻守炮台、陈地、卫戍区域以及其他地区，以及在各种军舰上服役。
我真诚地相信这个举动是一个正义的举动，合于宪法的规定，根据军事的需要。我祈求人类的慎重判断和万能上帝的恩典。
作为证明，我署名于此并加盖合众国国玺。
于华盛顿，1863年元月1日
合众国独立第87周年。
阿伯拉罕·林肯
威廉·西华德（国务卿）
