如何运用python相似模块?

如何运用python相似模块?

一:threading VS Thread

众所周知,python是支持多线程的,而且是native的线程,其中threading是对Thread模块做了包装,可以更加方面的被使用,threading模块里面主要对一些线程操作对象化了,创建了Thread的类。

使用线程有两种模式,一种是创建线程要执行的函数,把这个函数传递进Thread对象里,让它来执行,一种是直接从Thread继承,创建一个新的class,把线程执行的代码放到这个新的类里面,用例如下:

①使用Thread来实现多线程

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import string
import threading 
import time

def threadMain(a):
 global count,mutex
 #获得线程名
 threadname = threading.currentThread().getName()

 for x in xrange(0,int(a)):
  #获得锁
  mutex.acquire()
  count += 1
  #释放锁
  mutex.release()
  print threadname,x,count
  time.sleep()

def main(num):
 global count,mutex
 threads = []
 count = 1
 #创建一个锁
 mutex = threading.Lock()
 #先创建线程对象
 for x in xrange(0,num):
  threads.append(threading.Thread(target = threadMain,args=(10,)))
 for t in threads:
  t.start()
 for t in threads:
  t.join()

if __name__ == "__main__":
 num = 4
 main(num);

②使用threading来实现多线程

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import threading
import time

class Test(threading.Thread):
 def __init__(self,num):
  threading.Thread.__init__(self):
  self._run_num = num

 def run(self):
  global count,mutex
  threadName = threading.currentThread.getName()
  for x in xrange(0,int(self._run_num)):
   mutex.acquire()
   count += 1
   mutex.release()
   print threadName,x,count
   time.sleep(1)

if __name__ == "__main__":
 global count,mutex
 threads = []
 num = 4
 count = 1
 mutex.threading.Lock()
 for x in xrange(o,num):
  threads.append(Test(10))
 #启动线程
 for t in threads:
  t.start()
 #等待子线程结束
 for t in threads:
  t.join()

二:optparser VS getopt

①使用getopt模块处理Unix模式的命令行选项

getopt模块用于抽出命令行选项和参数,也就是sys.argv,命令行选项使得程序的参数更加灵活,支持短选项模式和长选项模式

例:python scriptname.py –f “hello” –directory-prefix=”/home” –t --format ‘a'‘b'

getopt函数的格式:getopt.getopt([命令行参数列表],‘短选项',[长选项列表])

其中短选项名后面的带冒号(:)表示该选项必须有附加的参数

长选项名后面有等号(=)表示该选项必须有附加的参数

返回options以及args

options是一个参数选项及其value的元组((‘-f','hello'),(‘-t',''),(‘—format',''),(‘—directory-prefix','/home'))

args是除去有用参数外其他的命令行 输入(‘a',‘b')

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import sys
import getopt

def Usage():
 print "Usage: %s [-a|-0|-c] [--help|--output] args..."%sys.argv[0]

if __name__ == "__main__":
 try:
  options,args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:],"ao:c",['help',"putput="]):
  print options
  print "\n"
  print args

  for option,arg in options:
   if option in ("-h","--help"):
    Usage()
    sys.exit(1)
   elif option in ('-t','--test'):
    print "for test option"
   else:
    print option,arg
 except getopt.GetoptError:
  print "Getopt Error"
  Usage()
  sys.exit(1)

②optparser模块

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import optparser
def main():
 usage = "Usage: %prog [option] arg1,arg2..."
 parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
 parser.add_option("-v","--verbose",action="store_true",dest="verbose",default=True,help="make lots of noise [default]")
 parser.add_option("-q","--quiet",action="store_false",dest="verbose",help="be vewwy quiet (I'm hunting wabbits)")
 parser.add_option("-f","--filename",metavar="FILE",help="write output to FILE")
 parser.add_option("-m","--mode",default="intermediate",help="interaction mode: novice, intermediate,or expert [default: %default]")
 (options,args) = parser.parse_args()
 if len(args) != 1:
  parser.error("incorrect number of arguments")
 if options.verbose:
  print "reading %s..." %options.filename 

if __name__ == "__main__":
 main()

以上就是threading VS Thread、optparser VS getopt 的相互比较,希望对大家学习模块有所帮助。